Neurodivergent individuals, particularly those with ADHD or autism, are at a higher risk of experiencing gambling harm. Neurodivergence refers to natural variations in how people think, learn, and process the world.
IFF Research investigated how gambling harm affects people who are neurodivergent—specifically those with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Dyslexia, Dyspraxia, or Dyscalculia. Around 1 in 7 people are thought to be neurodivergent.
The study found that individuals with ADHD or autism are twice as likely to experience gambling-related harm compared to those without these conditions.
Why Neurodivergent People Gamble
Participants in the study cited four main reasons for gambling:
- Coping with social isolation
- Seeking thrill and excitement
- Creating a sense of routine
- Feeling more comfortable in online environments
For some autistic individuals, gambling was a way to escape bullying and loneliness.
Risk Factors for Gambling Harm
- ADHD can affect how individuals assess risk, making them more susceptible to impulsive or high-risk gambling behaviours.
- Autistic individuals may use gambling as an escape from bullying, boredom, or loneliness.
- Sensory overload, impulsivity, and cognitive fatigue can make it harder for neurodivergent people to seek help or follow through with treatment.
Barriers to Support
- Many formal support systems are not adapted to neurodivergent needs.
- Common challenges include:
- Cognitive overload from complex processes or too much information
- Sensory sensitivities in in-person environments
- Lack of flexibility in treatment formats
Recommendations for Better Support
- Screening for neurodivergence in gambling support services
- Tailoring treatment approaches to suit neurodivergent needs
- Early intervention to prevent harm
- Simplified communication, sensory-friendly spaces, and flexible treatment formats (including online options)
- Simultaneous support for families and affected others
Therapeutic Approaches That Help
A neurodiversity-affirming approach, which sees neurodivergence as a natural variation rather than a deficit, is essential. Effective therapies include:
- Creative therapies: including lego therapy, art therapy, and cookery allows people to process information in a creative way.
- Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT): Helps individuals manage difficult thoughts and emotions, align with personal values, and accept uncertainty.
- Adapted Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT): Focuses on skill-building and positive reinforcement.
- Compassion-Focused Therapy: Encourages self-acceptance and self-compassion, especially useful for those who feel inadequate.
- Trauma-Informed Care: Recognises that many neurodivergent individuals may have experienced trauma and adjusts treatment accordingly.
Self-care techniques like mindfulness, breathing exercises, and relaxation strategies are also recommended. The overall goal is to empower neurodivergent people to understand and accept themselves, build self-advocacy skills, and thrive during their recovery.